Preparation and formation mechanism of nano-iron oxide black pigment from blast furnace flue dust

A mixed solution of ferrous and ferric sulfate leached from blast furnace (BF) flue dust was used to prepare nanometer-sized iron oxide black pigment (Fe₃O₄, magnetite) by the co-precipitation method. The pH value played a very important role in affecting the color and particle size of Fe₃O₄ and the evolution of green rust in to Fe₃O₄ or FeOOH. The experimental conditions including the solution pH, the way of adding precipitant, volume of air and reaction time for the formation of nano-iron oxide black pigment were investigated carefully in order to determine the optimal ones. The color, morphology and particle size of as-prepared Fe₃O₄ pigment were characterized by means of a color measurement instrument, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) respectively. The results showed that the obtained pigment had low average spectral reflectance (<4%), good oil absorption (～23%), high black intensity and narrow size distribution of 60–70 nm. Furthermore, the formation mechanism of Fe₃O₄ from the mixed solution of ferrous and ferric sulfate was discussed.     

铁法盆地煤层气采收率分析

根据煤层气抽采的相关概念及解吸吸附原理,分析了国内外煤层气采收率的现状,依据铁法盆地的煤层气地质条件,通过对现有资料及实际测定数据的分析计算,得出铁法盆地煤层气采收率约为39.88%～64.73%的结论,认为具有较高的开采价值.     

当代城市文化背景下的城市功能再生——另一种生态建筑

本文从现代城市文化的角度着手深入探讨了影响城市功能再生的诸多深层社会因素，指出城市功能的再生便是城市文化的再生，城市文化的再生便是城市人文精神的重塑，建筑学意义上的现代城市人文的重塑便是现代城市人对自身生存空间的心理归属，指出存在于现代建筑空间中的另一种生态体系——心理生态，进而提出基于非物质基础上的另一种生态建筑概念.     

结合旧城更新的旅游资源挖掘——以南京南捕厅街区为例

旧城更新是城市发展的必要过程,其中也潜藏了新的旅游资源。该文选取南京南捕厅历史风貌保护区进行实践应用研究。首先对南捕厅的现有资源状况进行整理,对其历史文化的沿革和积淀进行梳理,着重总结南捕厅的文化及空间资源特征。然后针对南捕厅旅游开发的可行性从瓶颈和潜力两方面展开分析,并提出了该地区旅游发展对策。     

Preliminary studies on the use of modified ALCELL lignin as a coupling agent in the biofiber composites

ALCELL lignin has been employed as a coupling agent in empty fruit bunch fiber (EFBF)–polypropylene (PP) composites. The lignin has been chemically modified with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) to various weight loadings. The evidence of the reaction between TDI and lignin has been observed by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The effect of lignin as a coupling agent on mechanical properties has been studied. The results show that the TDI‐modified lignin is able to impart greater compatibility between EFBF and PP. This is reflected in the greater mechanical properties shown by the composites with TDI‐modified lignin than in those with the unmodified lignin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed that TDI modification of lignin resulted in a better blending and compatibility between lignin and PP matrix. The glass‐transition temperature of the lignin increases as the WPG is increased. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1333–1340, 2001     

Effect of Co γ-irradiation on postharvest quality and selected enzyme activities of Pleurotus nebrodensis

Freshly harvested Pleurotus nebrodensis fruit bodies were exposed to four different doses (0.8-2.0 kGy) of ⁶⁰Co γ-irradiation and various physiological changes associated with postharvest deterioration, as well as the activities of selected enzymes (proteinase, polyphenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase) thought to play a role in the process of deterioration, were monitored during 22 days of subsequent storage at 4 °C and 65-70% relative humidity. An irradiation dose of 1.2 kGy significantly delayed (by 6-9 days) the onset of fruit body softening, splitting and browning compared with non-irradiated controls and test samples subjected to lower or higher irradiation doses. Irradiation with 1.2 and 1.6 kGy also had a positive effect on other indicators of mushroom tissue senescence, resulting in smaller decreases in soluble protein levels and more protracted increases in proteinase activity. Peak levels of polyphenoloxidase activity, widely recognized as causing postharvest browning of mushroom tissue, were also significantly lower (P < 0.05) in fruit bodies exposed to 1.2 kGy compared with non-irradiated controls. Our data increase our understanding of the effects of γ-irradiation on the biochemical changes associated with postharvest deterioration in P. nebrodensis, and improve the prospects of more targeted strategies for extending the shelf life of both this and other mushrooms.     

Transparent Mirror

正Western Han Dynasty(206 BC–8 AD)Diameter:12.1 cm;weight:280 g High-tin bronze This marvelous artifact is a cast metal circular disc with interesting relief patterns on the back.When sunlight falls on the surface of the mirror,made 2,000 years ago,the reflected image on a wall shows the pattern on the back of the mirror.     

Effective size-controlled synthesis and electrochemical characterization of ordered Pt nanopattern arrays from self-assembling block copolymer template

This work offers an effective size-controlled synthesis of platinum nanoparticle (Pt NP) arrays for electrocatalyst through self-assembled nanopatterns of block copolymers on titanium (Ti) wafers. Size, spacing and uniformity of Pt NP with loading of Pt to a minimum were investigated to be controlled and adjusted in order to improve the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and ECSA stability, and Pt concentration in copolymer/chloroplatinic acid (H₂PtCl₆) solution was verified to be one of the most important factors to control the arrays’ structure. In our case, the Pt NPs with predictable size of 5–16.5 nm could be obtained when the Pt concentration is larger than 0.05 mg ml^?1, which the dominant diameter is proved to be proportional to one-third power of the Pt concentration according to the linear relation of templates’ Pt/N mass ratio versus Pt concentration, and the Pt NPs remain highly ordered arrays with predictable spacing when the Pt concentration is larger than 0.125 mg ml^?1. Decrease in Pt concentration from 2 to 0.125 mg ml^?1 is an effective method to improve the ECSA and durability simultaneously. The Pt NP arrays exhibit not only a remarkable initial ECSA value of 106.2 m² g^?1, but also a pseudo-zero particle aggregation possibility during 3000-cycle voltammetry, which is attributed to the high Pt NP dispersion and the ordered arrays that improve the Pt utilization and lower the possibility of aggregation.     

Tunable Spectrum Selectivity for Multiphoton Absorption with Enhanced Visible Light Trapping in ZnO Nanorods

Observation of visible light trapping in zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) correlated to the optical and photoelectrochemical properties is reported. In this study, ZnO NR diameter and c‐axis length respond primarily at two different regions, UV and visible light, respectively. ZnO NR diameter exhibits UV absorption where large ZnO NR diameter area increases light absorption ability leading to high efficient electron–hole pair separation. On the other hand, ZnO NR c‐axis length has a dominant effect in visible light resulting from a multiphoton absorption mechanism due to light reflection and trapping behavior in the free space between adjacent ZnO NRs. Furthermore, oxygen vacancies and defects in ZnO NRs are associated with the broad visible emission band of different energy levels also highlighting the possibility of the multiphoton absorption mechanism. It is demonstrated that the minimum average of ZnO NR c‐axis length must satisfy the linear regression model of Z _p,min = 6.31d to initiate the multiphoton absorption mechanism under visible light. This work indicates the broadening of absorption spectrum from UV to visible light region by incorporating a controllable diameter and c‐axis length on vertically aligned ZnO NRs, which is important in optimizing the design and functionality of electronic devices based on light absorption mechanism.     

Exceptional supercapacitive performance of bicontinuous carbon/MnO2 composite electrodes

A new type of porous carbon/MnO₂ composites, having bicontinuous structures, i.e., continuous channels and carbon skeletons, was prepared using a phase separation method, followed by a carbonization procedure and a subsequent redox reaction. In this work, such composite electrodes show a high specific capacitance of ca. 260?F?g^?1 at 0.5?A?g^?1 in 1?M Na₂SO₄ aqueous solution, a superior cycling stability (~80% retention after 2000 cycles) and a distinctive high-rate performance. Especially, unique bicontinuous structures endow such composites with a great specific capacitance of the constituent MnO₂ (~1100?F?g^?1), very close to the theoretical value. These excellent electrochemical behaviors may render this material a promising candidate as high-performance electrodes in supercapacitors. Therefore, our findings suggest that the strategy for constructing bicontinuous hybrid electrodes represents an exciting direction for designing next-generation supercapacitors.